Teleostei >
Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Plectorhinchinae
Etymology: Plectorhinchus: Greek, plektos = plaited + Greek, rhyngchos = snout (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Boulenger.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋; 半咸淡水 底中水层性; 深度上下限 10 - ? m (Ref. 2683). 熱帶; 15°N - 13°S
Eastern Atlantic: west African coast, from Senegal to Democratic Republic of Congo (Ref. 81655) and Angola (Ref. 7376, 57395).
東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7376)
大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 45.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5476); common length : 30.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 5476)
背棘 (总数): 14; 背的软条 (总数): 16; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 7. Diagnosis: body oblong, rather deep; dorsal profile strongly convex at level of dorsal-fin origin (Ref. 57395). Snout at least as long as eye diameter (Ref. 57395), eyes large (Ref. 81655). Mouth oblique (Ref. 57395), small (Ref. 81655) with very thick (Ref. 57395) and fleshy (Ref. 81655) lips. Chin with 6 pores (erroneously reported as 4 since original species description; Ref. 81655), but without median pit (Ref. 57395). Dorsal fin long; second anal fin spine longest and stoutest; ctenoid scales covering body and head (except snout) and interradial membranes of soft parts of dorsal and anal fins (Ref. 57395). Caudal fin rounded (Ref. 57395, 81655).
Coloration: uniformly brown, more or less dark; young individuals often with lighter spots on flanks (Ref. 57395, 81655). In small specimens (< 60 mm SL), distal part of soft dorsal fin, posterior 3/4 of caudal fin and distal part of anal fin transparent (Ref. 81655).
Relatively rare species (Ref. 57395). Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 3660, 57395), estuaries and coastal lagoons (Ref. 2683). Juveniles and sub-adults often in estuaries and lagoons (Ref. 2135, 57395, 81655), in freshwater (Ref. 2135), where sexual maturation begins (Ref. 57395).
栖息于沿岸水域 (参考文献 3660) ,河口与岸边泻湖。 (参考文献 2683) 常见于河口与泻湖中的稚鱼与亚成鱼, 在淡水中.(参考文献 2135)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).東大西洋: 塞內加爾到安哥拉.(參考文獻 7376)
Roux, C., 1990. Haemulidae. p. 783-788. In J.C. Quero, J.C. Hureau, C. Karrer, A. Post and L. Saldanha (eds.) Check-list of the fishes of the eastern tropical Atlantic (CLOFETA). JNICT, Lisbon; SEI, Paris; and UNESCO, Paris. Vol. 2. (Ref. 6946)
人类利用
渔业: 商业性
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参考文献养殖养殖信息品种遗传学Electrophoreses遗传率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.声音神经毒速度泳型鳃区Otoliths脑重体重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 22.6 - 27.9, mean 26.3 °C (based on 40 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01950 (0.00846 - 0.04494), b=2.95 (2.75 - 3.15), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.6 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增时间最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (35 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (89 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 72.6 [20.8, 161.1] mg/100g; Iron = 0.726 [0.384, 1.531] mg/100g; Protein = 17.8 [15.9, 19.8] %; Omega3 = 0.176 [0.077, 0.347] g/100g; Selenium = 56.4 [26.6, 114.0] μg/100g; VitaminA = 20.4 [7.2, 56.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.19 [0.77, 1.83] mg/100g (wet weight);