分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 非遷移的; 深度上下限 2 - 30 m (Ref. 9710). 熱帶; 32°N - 27°S, 86°W - 32°W (Ref. 5222)
Western Atlantic: Bermuda, south Florida (USA), Gulf of Mexico, the Bahamas, Cuba, West Indies, Panama, Venezuela, and southward to the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Alphestes afer has recently been re-discovered at São Tomé in the Gulf of Guinea of the Eastern Atlantic.
西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達南方部 (美國) ，墨西哥灣，巴哈馬，古巴，西印度群島，巴拿馬，委內瑞拉, 而且向南至聖保羅巴西的狀態。 Alphestes afer 最近已經再在東大西洋的幾內亞灣的聖多美被發現。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm 18.0, range 18 - 18.4 cm
Max length : 33.0 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 5222)
背棘 (總數): 11; 背的軟條 (總數): 17-20; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 9 - 10. Diagnosis: Body depth is slightly less than head length, depth contained 2.4-3.1 (2.9) in standard length; caudal peduncle depth 7.0-9.0 (8.5) times in SL; eye diameter greater than or equal to snout length and 8.1-15.0 (13) times in SL; snout length 10.1-16.0 (16.0) times in SL; preopercle rounded, posterior edge serrate, with a large antrorse spine at the angle directed downward and forward and usually covered with skin. Gill rakers 5-8 (7) on upper limb, 14-17 (16) on lower limb, 19-25 (23) total, including rudiments. Dorsal fin with XI spines and 17 to 20 (18) soft rays, anal fin with III spines and 9, rarely 10 (10) soft rays; pectoral fins with 16 - 18 (17) rays; caudal fin rounded, with 15 branched rays. Scales are smooth. Lateral-line scales 49-66; lateral scale series 68 – 88 (76). Color in life; head, body, and median fins olivaceous or light brown, irregularly blotched and barred with dark brown. Some individuals are densely spotted with orange; head, body, and all fins often with scattered white spots; body sometimes covered with scattered small black dots; pectoral fins may be orange or yellow with faint dark reticulations (Ref. 57865); Color in market: almost similar to color in life but general body color may fade to a pale drab cream, also spots and reticulations may fade (Ref. 89707).
鑑別: 體高是些微少於頭長,深度在標準的長度中包含了 2.4-3.1(2.9); 尾柄深度 7.0-9.0(8.5) 標準體長比率; 眼直徑大於或等於吻的長度與 8.1-15.0(13) 標準體長比率; 吻的長度 10.1-16.0(16.0) 標準體長比率; 前鰓蓋骨圓形的, 後緣鋸齒狀的, 具有一個大的向前及向上的棘以角方向朝下而且向前而且通常覆蓋著皮膚。 在上邊緣上的鰓耙 5-8(7), 14-17(16) 在下肢， 19-25(23) 總數上, 包括原基。 背鰭有 11 棘與 17個到 20(18) 軟鰭條, 臀鰭有 3根棘與 9, 很少地 10(10)個軟鰭條; 胸鰭有 16- 18(17)個鰭條; 尾鰭圓形的, 與 15個分支條。 鱗片是平滑的。 側線鱗片 49-66; 側面的鱗片系列 68-88.(76) 活著時的顏色; 頭部，身體與中央的鰭橄欖色的或淡褐色, 不規則地大斑點了與有條紋的有深褐色的。 一些個體是有密集的斑點有橘色的; 頭部，身體與所有的鰭時常有分散的白色斑點; 身體有時覆蓋著分散的小黑色的點; 胸鰭可能是橘色的或者黃色的有模糊的深色網眼.(參考文獻 57865)
A solitary species (Ref. 26340) occurring in seagrass habitats. Sedentary during the day, hiding in crevices or lying among seaweed, sometimes partly covering itself with sand while lying on its side. Nocturnal feeders of benthic crustaceans. Estimated eggs per fish is from 157512 to 223706 (Ref. 29). Small, colorful group; a sequential hermaphrodite (Ref. 26938). Has been traded as an aquarium fish at Ceará, Brazil (Ref. 49392).
出現在海草棲息地的一種獨居性種 (參考文獻 26340)。 定棲的在白天期間, 藏在裂隙中或躺在海草中, 有時部分用沙子覆蓋自己然而側躺。 底棲甲殼動物的夜行捕食者。 被估計的每魚卵是從 157512 到 223706.(參考文獻 29) 小又色彩鮮豔的群; 一個繼續的雌雄同體.(參考文獻 26938) 曾經在巴西的塞阿臘作為一個水族館魚交易.(參考文獻 49392)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Protogyny is unconfirmed for this species (Ref. 103751).西大西洋: 百慕達群島，佛羅里達南方部 (美國) ，墨西哥灣，巴哈馬，古巴，西印度群島，巴拿馬，委內瑞拉, 而且向南至聖保羅巴西的狀態。 Alphestes afer 最近已經再在東大西洋的幾內亞灣的聖多美被發現。
Heemstra, P.C. and J.E. Randall, 1993. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 16. Groupers of the world (family Serranidae, subfamily Epinephelinae). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the grouper, rockcod, hind, coral grouper and lyretail species known to date. Rome: FAO. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(16):382 p. (Ref. 5222)
IUCN 瀕危狀態 (Ref. 130435)
無危 (LC) ; Date assessed: 19 December 2016
人類使用
漁業: 低經濟; 水族館: 商業性
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 25.6 - 28.1, mean 27.5 °C (based on 668 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00447 (0.00260 - 0.00768), b=2.87 (2.73 - 3.01), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.6 ±0.5 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 高度, 族群倍增時間少於 15個月 (Fec=150,000-220,000).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (23 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 47.5 [29.1, 84.8] mg/100g; Iron = 0.557 [0.308, 0.928] mg/100g; Protein = 18.5 [16.7, 20.1] %; Omega3 = 0.143 [0.097, 0.216] g/100g; Selenium = 27.2 [17.3, 47.4] μg/100g; VitaminA = 106 [38, 322] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.86, 1.71] mg/100g (wet weight);
