Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
البيئة
بحري القاع; نطاق العمق 1 - 121 m (Ref. 9281). Subtropical
Western Pacific: New Zealand (Ref. 5755) and the Mangaréva and Gambier Islands (Ref. 9281). Eastern Pacific: Bahía Magdalena (Baja California Sur, Mexico) and the Gulf of California to Peru, including the Galapagos Islands (Ref. 9281).
Length at first maturity / الحجم / وزن / العمر
Maturity: Lm 10.1, range 8 - 12.2 cm
Max length : 15.7 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 41284); common length : 12.0 cm TL ذكر/ مختلط الجنس; (Ref. 55763)
Body flat and strongly compressed; eyes on the left side of the head; lateral line on the eyes side with a pronounced arch over the pectoral fin but not extending under the lower eye; urinary papilla present on the eyed side; anterior profile of head only slightly notched; eyed side dark brown to olive green, without any conspicuous spots (Ref. 55763).
Found on soft bottoms (Ref. 9281). Utilized fresh (Ref. 9281).
Life cycle and mating behavior
النضج | التكاثر | وضع البيض | بيض | الخصوبة | Larvae
Hensley, D.A., 1995. Bothidae. Lenguados. p. 931-936. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9281)
IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)
استخدامات بشرية
مصائد: تجاري
مزيد من المعلومات
مراجعالأستزراع المائيملف الأستزراع المائيسلالاتجينيElectrophoresesالتوريثالأمراضمعالجةNutrientsMass conversion
أدوات
تقارير خاصة
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مصادر علي الأنترنت
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 18.1 - 28.8, mean 24 °C (based on 144 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01000 (0.00426 - 0.02347), b=3.07 (2.89 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this Genus-body shape (Ref.
93245).
مستوى غذائي (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Generation time: 6.4 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
المرونه (Ref.
120179): منخفض, الحد الزمني الأدني لتضاعف عدد أفراد المجتمع 4.5-14 سنة (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (41 of 100).
