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Eupercaria/misc (Various families in series Eupercaria) >
Haemulidae (Grunts) > Haemulinae
Etymology: Pomadasys: Greek, poma, -atos = cover, operculum + Greek, dasys = with hair (Ref. 45335).
More on author: Cuvier.
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態学
海; 新鮮な水; 汽水性の 底生の; 深さの範囲 ? - 100 m (Ref. 57395), usually 20 - 50 m (Ref. 2683). Tropical; 20°C - ? (Ref. 2799); 20°N - 23°S, 26°W - 16°E
Eastern Atlantic: west coast of Africa, from Mauritania (Ref. 7376, 57395) to southern Angola (Ref. 2799, 57395).
Length at first maturity / サイズ / 重さ / 年齢
Maturity: Lm 13.1 range ? - ? cm
Max length : 60.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 57395); common length : 45.0 cm TL オス/雌雄の選別がない; (Ref. 3660)
背面の脊椎 (合計): 11 - 12; 背鰭 (合計): 15-17; 肛門の骨 3; 臀鰭: 8 - 9; 脊つい: 27. Diagnosis: body oblong and compressed, not very deep (Ref. 57395). Snout short and pointed (Ref. 57395), obtuse (Ref. 81655), distinctly longer than eye diameter (Ref. 57395). 2 anterior pores on chin, followed by a median pit bearing openings of another pair of pores (Ref. 57395). A deep groove (Ref. 57395) and a pore above maxilla, below the preorbital bone (Ref. 57395, 81655). Last dorsal spine longer than penultimate one (Ref. 81655). Second anal fin spine longer and stouter than third (Ref. 57395, 81655), third anal spine may also be thick but always shorter (Ref. 81655). Caudal fin slightly forked; scales slightly ctenoid; 4-5 scale rows between lateral line and middle of spinous dorsal-fin base; swim bladder simple, without anterior horns (Ref. 57395). 11-13/1/3-6 (total 16-20) gill rakers on first gill arch; 6-7 scales on upper part of transverse series; 20-22 scales around middle of caudal peduncle (Ref. 81655).
Coloration: silvery, with round, dark brown or black and irregularly scattered spots following scale rows on back and sides (Ref. 57395, 81655). Small-sized specimens <60 mm SL may lack spots, from this size on spots gradually become visible and pattern is well-developed in specimens of about 100 mm SL or larger; no spot on snout (Ref. 81655). Black opercular spot present at angle of opercle (Ref. 57395, 81655). Dorsal and caudal fins grey (Ref. 57395).
Inhabit sandy and muddy bottoms of coastal waters and estuaries (Ref. 2683). Sometimes found in freshwater (Ref. 2135, 57395, 81655). Feeds on fish (Ref. 28587) and (benthic) crustaceans (Ref. 28587, 81655) as well as on mollusks and worms (Ref. 27121, 81655). Breeds in brackish water lagoons and estuaries, and even freshwaters (Ref. 57395). Of all grunts found in the continental waters of Lower Guinea, this species is found farthest upstream and seems best adapted to freshwater environments (Ref. 81655).
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟 | 繁殖 | 放精 | 卵 | 生産力 | 幼生
Oviparous, distinct pairing during breeding (Ref. 205).
Bauchot, M.-L., 2003. Haemulidae. p. 495-503 In C. Lévêque, D. Paugy and G.G. Teugels (eds.) Faune des poissons d'eaux douce et saumâtres de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, Tome 2. Coll. Faune et Flore tropicales 40. Musée Royal de l'Afrique Centrale, Tervuren, Belgique, Museum National d'Histoire Naturalle, Paris, France and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, Paris, France. 815 p. (Ref. 57395)
Human uses
水産業: 少数商業の
より多くの情報
参考文献水産養殖水産養殖の紹介緊張遺伝子のElectrophoreses遺伝病気行列NutrientsMass conversion
協力者画像Stamps, Coins Misc.音シガテラ（食中毒の名前）速度泳ぐ 型式カマOtoliths脳視覚
用具
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インターネットの情報源
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 19.2 - 27.9, mean 25.4 °C (based on 82 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01380 (0.01093 - 0.01743), b=2.98 (2.94 - 3.02), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
栄養段階 (Ref.
69278): 3.3 ±0.50 se; based on food items.
Generation time: 3.7 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1
growth studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 手段, １．４年～４．４年の倍増期間の最小個体群 (K=0.3).
Prior r = 0.47, 95% CL = 0.31 - 0.70, Based on 2 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate vulnerability (36 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): Very high vulnerability (80 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 106 [23, 206] mg/100g; Iron = 1.02 [0.54, 1.90] mg/100g; Protein = 18.8 [16.9, 20.5] %; Omega3 = 0.235 [0.124, 0.397] g/100g; Selenium = 61.9 [35.8, 110.8] μg/100g; VitaminA = 14.4 [6.9, 27.5] μg/100g; Zinc = 1.22 [0.88, 1.71] mg/100g (wet weight);
