Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ekologi
laut; payau; kisaran kedalaman 0 - 50 m (Ref. 188). Tropical; 32°N - 5°S, 116°W - 77°W (Ref. 188)
Eastern Pacific: Rio Muerto in the Gulf of California southward to Gulf of Guayaquil, Peru.
Size / Weight / umur
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 23.0 cm TL jantan/; (Ref. 114986); common length : 18.0 cm SL jantan/; (Ref. 9336)
Duri punggung (Keseluruhan (total)): 0; Duri dubur 0; Sirip dubur lunak: 55 - 62. Belly with about 29 scutes. Lower jaw projecting, its mouth pointing obliquely upward; no hypo-maxilla. Pectoral fin a little longer than head; dorsal fin origin nearer to caudal fin base than to vertical from pectoral fin base by 1 and 1/2 eye diameters (or behind midpoint of body by 2 and 1/4 eye diameter); anal fin long, its origin much nearer to snout tip than to caudal fin base.
Occurs in coastal waters, perhaps entering brackish water (Ref. 9336). Feeds mainly on small fishes (Ref. 9336).
Life cycle and mating behavior
Kematangan | Reproduksi, perkembang biakan | Pemijahan | telur-telur | Fecundity | Larva
Whitehead, P.J.P., 1985. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 7. Clupeoid fishes of the world (suborder Clupeoidei). An annotated and illustrated catalogue of the herrings, sardines, pilchards, sprats, shads, anchovies and wolf-herrings. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(7/1):1-303. Rome: FAO. (Ref. 188)
Status IUCN Red List (Ref. 130435)
ancaman kepada manusia
Harmless
penggunaan manusia
Perikanan: nilai komersial kecil
informasi lanjut
Nama-nama umumSinonim (persamaan)metabolismePemangsaEkotoksikologiReproduksi, perkembang biakanKematanganPemijahanSpawning aggregationFecunditytelur-telurpekembangan telor
AcuanBudidaya airprofil budidaya airStrainGenetikaElectrophoresesDiturunkanPenyakit-penyakitPengolahanNutrientsMass conversion
mitraGambarStamps, Coins Misc.Suara-suaraCiguateraKecepatanTipe renangArea insangOtolithsOtakPenglihatan / visi
Alat, peralatan
laporan khas
muat turun XML
Sumber internet
Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 23.5 - 28.5, mean 26.8 °C (based on 42 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.5156 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00603 (0.00359 - 0.01013), b=3.00 (2.86 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species & (Sub)family-body (Ref.
93245).
Trophic level (Ref.
69278): 4.2 ±0.73 se; based on food items.
Daya lenting (Ref.
120179): Tinggi, Waktu penggandaan populasi minimum kurang dari 15 bulan (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low vulnerability (13 of 100).