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> Pleuronectiformes (Flatfishes) > Cynoglossidae (Tonguefishes) > Symphurinae
Etymology: Symphurus: Greek, syn, symphysis = grown together + Greek, oura = tail (Ref. 45335).

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ekologi

marina; brackvatten bottenlevande; djupintervall 0 - 60 m (Ref. 9294), usually 0 - 28 m (Ref. 9294). Tropical; 33°N - 5°S, 116°W - 76°W (Ref. 56830)

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Eastern Pacific: Gulf of California to Peru.

Size / Vikt / Age

Maturity: L_m ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 26.5 cm TL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 124487); common length : 21.0 cm SL hane/ej könsbestämd; (Ref. 9294); publicerad maxvikt: 166.13 g (Ref. 124487)

Short description Morfologi | Morfometri

Taggstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 0; Mjukstrålar i ryggfenan (totalt): 98-109; Taggstrålar i analfenan 0; Mjukstrålar i analfenan: 82 - 92; Ryggkotor: 52 - 57. Body flat and elongated, with an oval anterior border; both eyes on left side; dorsal fin with 98 to 109 rays; anal fin with 82 to 92 rays; caudal fin with 12 rays; body light to dark brown, usually with 6 to 8 transverse bars of contrasting color; lower half operculum on the eyed side with a large dark stain; dorsal and anal fins progressively darker distally (Ref. 55763).

Common over muddy bottoms in estuaries and mangroves (Ref. 9294).

Life cycle and mating behavior Könsmognad | Reproduktion | Lek | Ägg | Fecundity | Larver

Main reference Upload your references | referenser | Koordinator | Medarbetare

Munroe, T.A., F. Krupp and M. Schneider, 1995. Cynoglossidae. Lenguas, lenguetas. p. 1039-1059. In W. Fischer, F. Krupp, W. Schneider, C. Sommer, K.E. Carpenter and V. Niem (eds.) Guia FAO para Identification de Especies para lo Fines de la Pesca. Pacifico Centro-Oriental. 3 Vols. FAO, Rome. (Ref. 9294)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 30 October 2020

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

Harmless

Human uses

Fiskeri: mindre kommeriell

FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

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Estimates based on models

Preferred temperature (Ref. 123201): 20.5 - 28.5, mean 25.1 °C (based on 102 cells).

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804): PD₅₀ = 0.5000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].

Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01445 (0.00647 - 0.03228), b=3.05 (2.85 - 3.25), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref. 93245).

Trofisk nivå (Ref. 69278): 3.4 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives

Generation time: 1.5 ( na - na) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 1 growth studies.

Resiliens (Ref. 120179): Hög, lägsta populationsfördubblingstid mindre än 15 månader (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).

Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153): Low vulnerability (21 of 100).

Price category (Ref. 80766): Very high.

Symphurus chabanaudi Mahadeva & Munroe, 1990