Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
Ecologie
marien demersaal; diepte 23 - 306 m (Ref. 9342). Subtropical; 34°N - 19°S, 120°W - 70°W
Eastern Pacific: Playa del Rey in southern California, USA to Peru.
Grootte / Gewicht / Leeftijd
Maturity: Lm ? range ? - ? cm
Max length : 42.0 cm TL mannelijk / geslacht onbekend; (Ref. 9342); max. gepubliceerd gewicht: 680.00 g (Ref. 40637)
A sharp spine projecting anteriorly from ventral border of urohyal (Ref. 40817).
Probably forms schools and lives near the bottom in deep waters (Ref. 9342). Of some commercial importance in zones where it is abundant (Ref. 9342).
Levenscyclus en paargedrag
Maturities | Voortplanting | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larven
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
Status op de Rode Lijst van het IUCN (Ref. 130435)
Gevaar voor de mens
Harmless
Gebruik door de mens
Visserij: van minder commercieel belang
Tools
Speciale rapporten
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 13 - 21.4, mean 15.2 °C (based on 78 cells).
Fylogenetische diversiteitsindex (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 0.6250 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Trofisch niveau (Ref.
69278): 3.7 ±0.5 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
Weerstandsvermogen (Ref.
120179): Gemiddeld, minimale populatieverdubbelingstijd 1,4-4,4 jaar (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (32 of 100).
