分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Elasmobranchii
板鰓亞綱 (鯊魚與魟魚) (sharks and rays) >
Orectolobiformes (Carpet sharks)
鬚鯊目 (Carpet sharks) >
Ginglymostomatidae (Nurse sharks)
鉸口鯊科 (Nurse sharks)
Etymology: Nebrius: Nebrius ferrugineus (Lesson 1831). (See ETYFish); ferrugineus: Latin for rust-colored, referring to brown coloration. (See ETYFish).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋 礁區魚類; 深度上下限 0 - 70 m (Ref. 106604), usually 5 - 30 m (Ref. 43278). 熱帶; 36°N - 27°S, 32°E - 136°W
Indo-Pacific: Persian Gulf (Ref.80050), Red Sea and East Africa to the Tuamoto Islands, north to southern Japan, south to Australia.
印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?, range 230 - ? cm
Max length : 320 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 247); common length : 250 cm TL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. )
簡短描述
型態特徵 | 形態測量圖
背棘 (總數): 0; 背的軟條 (總數): 0; 臀棘 0; 臀鰭軟條: 0. This large, bulky nurse shark is distinguished by the following features: side of body without lateral ridges; precaudal tail shorter than trunk; spiracles much smaller than eyes; nostrils close to front of snout, with short barbels and nasoral grooves connecting them with the mouth but without circumnarial grooves and folds; snout wedge-shaped in lateral view; two dorsal fins, both with angular apices, the origin of the first about over the pelvic-fin origins and its insertion slightly behind the pelvic-fin insertions; second dorsal fin slightly smaller than first; caudal fin about 1/3 of total length, strongly asymmetrical. Colour tan dorsally, paler ventrally and fins slightly dusky (Ref. 9999, 90102).
一位龐大笨重的護士鯊魚有一個小的嘴與小的像頭梳一樣的齒, 與和有角的鰭.(參考文獻 5578) 尾鰭比較短的, 遠小於一半的體長; 沒有在身體的側邊上的脊; 胸鰭鐮刀狀的.(參考文獻 6871) 背部褐色的, 腹側灰白的;(參考文獻 391) 鰭些微暗色.(參考文獻 9999) 呼吸孔遠小於眼.(參考文獻 9999)
Found on continental and insular shelves, from the intertidal down to at least 70 m (Ref. 247). Occurs on or near the bottom in lagoons or along the outer edges of coral and rocky reefs, sandy areas near reefs and off sandy beaches (Ref. 247, 43278). Primarily nocturnal, but may be active during the day (Ref. 247). Prefers crevices and caves on reefs but may be found hiding in more exposed areas (Ref. 247). Forms resting aggregations, and often seen piled across or on top of one another (Ref. 247). Feeds on a wide variety of bottom invertebrates, small fishes (Ref. 247), including cephalopods, crustaceans and sea urchins (Ref. 37816), corals (Ref. 68964). Docile and known to allow itself to be touched, but a few non-fatal attacks have been recorded (Ref. 247). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 43278). 4 or more young are born per litter (Ref. 37816). Survives in captivity (Ref. 247). Marketed fresh and dried-salted; fins dried for the oriental sharkfin trade; liver processed for vitamins and oil; offal processed for fishmeal; hide potentially valuable for leather (Ref. 247).
棲息於大陸棚與島嶼棚了, 從潮間帶向下至至少 70 公尺.(參考文獻 247) 棲息於靠近潟湖的底部或者沿著珊瑚礁與岩礁，礁區附近的沙地與沙灘外的外緣。 (參考文獻 247) 主要夜行, 但是可能是活躍的在白天期間.(參考文獻 247) 偏愛礁上之裂縫凹陷處但是可能被發現在比較裸露的區域中藏.(參考文獻 247) 形成休息群集, 與時常見到彼此疊在頂端.(參考文獻 247) 吃各式各樣的底棲無脊椎動物，小魚 (參考文獻 247), 包括頭足類動物，甲殼動物與海膽。 (參考文獻 37816) 可馴服的而且知道允許它本身當接觸, 但是一些非致命的攻擊曾經記錄。 (參考文獻 247) 4個或更多幼魚出生每胎。 (參考文獻 37816) 存活於繁殖場.(參考文獻 247) 在市場上銷售了生鮮或乾漬了; 鰭乾燥以供東方的魚翅貿易了; 肝臟加工成維他命與油了; 碎肉加工成魚粉了; 隱藏著製作成皮革的可能價值.(參考文獻 247)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
Ovoviviparous, with number of young at least four per uterus (Ref. 247); gives birth to litters of at about 8 pups (Ref.58048). Described as an oviparous or post-oviparous shark that retains the egg-cases until they hatch and the young are born. Size at birth 40 cm (TL, Ref.58048) to 60 cm (Ref. 9999). Also Ref. 205.印度-太平洋: 紅海而且東非到 Tuamoto 島, 北至日本南部, 南至澳洲。
Compagno, L.J.V., 1984. FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249. Rome, FAO. (Ref. 247)
人類使用
漁業: 商業性; 游釣魚種: 是的
更多資訊
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 24.7 - 29, mean 28 °C (based on 1466 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0625 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00417 (0.00157 - 0.01110), b=3.08 (2.85 - 3.31), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this (Sub)family-body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 4.1 ±0.4 se; based on diet studies.
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增時間超過14 年 (Fec=4).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Very high vulnerability (90 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 7.35 [1.66, 30.19] mg/100g; Iron = 0.365 [0.085, 1.034] mg/100g; Protein = 19.7 [17.5, 21.8] %; Omega3 = 0.0735 [, ] g/100g; Selenium = 43 [12, 125] μg/100g; VitaminA = 34.8 [12.7, 93.7] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.538 [0.259, 1.091] mg/100g (wet weight);
