分类 / Names
俗名 | 同种异名 | Catalog of Fishes(属, 种) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生态学
海洋 深海底的; 海洋洄游的 (Ref. 51243); 深度上下限 175 - 2740 m (Ref. 6793), usually 175 - 1450 m (Ref. 10935). 深水域; 64°N - 23°N, 141°E - 109°W
North Pacific: Bering Sea coasts of Kamchatka, Russia and Alaska southward to Hatsu Shima Island, southern Japan and Cedros Island, central Baja California, Mexico in the eastern Pacific.
北太平洋: 勘察加的白令海海岸, 俄國與阿拉斯加州向南至 Hatsu Shima 島，日本南部與塞德羅斯島，中央的墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Length at first maturity / 大小 / 重量 / 年龄
Maturity: Lm 60.3, range 58 - 62 cm
Max length : 120 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); common length : 80.0 cm TL 雄鱼/尚未辨别雌雄; (Ref. 9988); 最大年龄: 94 年 (Ref. 55701)
背棘 (总数): 19 - 27; 背的软条 (总数): 16-20; 臀棘 3; 臀鳍软条: 15 - 19. Dorsal fins well separated; 2nd dorsal fin sub equal to anal fin in size and form, and opposite in position. Reaches over 1 m in SL.
背鳍分得很开; 第二背鳍鳍大小与造型与臀鳍约略相等, 而且相对于位置。 达到超过 1 公尺 SL 。
Adults found on mud bottoms, from 305 (Ref. 2850) to 2,740 m depth (Ref. 2850). Young-of-the-year juveniles are pelagic and found on the surface and near-shore waters (Ref. 28499). Generally localized, but some juveniles have been found to migrate over 2,000 miles in 6 or 7 years (Ref. 28499). Feed on crustaceans, worms and small fishes (Ref. 4925). Most of the catch is marketed in Japan (Ref. 28499). Utilized fresh, dried or salted and smoked (Ref. 9988), can be steamed, pan-fried, broiled, boiled, microwaved and baked (Ref. 9988). The liver oil is rich in vitamin A and D (Ref. 4925). Reported to reach 57 kg in Ref. 2850.
成鱼发现于泥底了, 从 305(参考文献 2850) 到 2,740 公尺深。 (参考文献 2850) 当年的幼鱼稚鱼是大洋性的而且发现于表面与近岸水域。 (参考文献 28499) 通常本土化，但是一些稚鱼曾经发现在 6 或 7 年内 2,000 哩处上移动。 (参考文献 28499) 捕食甲壳动物，蠕虫与小鱼。 (参考文献 4925) 大部分的捕捉在日本被在市场上销售.(参考文献 28499) 生鲜使用, 乾燥或盐腌而且烟熏 (参考文献 9988), 能被蒸, 油锅炸的，火烤的, 煮沸了, 微波了而且烧烤了.(参考文献 9988) 肝油是丰富的在维他命一与 D.(参考文献 4925)
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 产卵场 | 卵 | 孕卵数 | 仔鱼
北太平洋: 勘察加的白令海海岸, 俄國與阿拉斯加州向南至 Hatsu Shima 島，日本南部與塞德羅斯島，中央的墨西哥的下加利福尼亞。
Eschmeyer, W.N., E.S. Herald and H. Hammann, 1983. A field guide to Pacific coast fishes of North America. Boston (MA, USA): Houghton Mifflin Company. xii+336 p. (Ref. 2850)
人类利用
渔业: 高经济性; 养殖: 将来有可能使用; 水族馆: 公众的水族馆
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 1.4 - 5.5, mean 2.5 °C (based on 599 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.2500 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01096 (0.00784 - 0.01533), b=2.99 (2.89 - 3.09), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref.
93245).
营养阶层 (Ref.
69278): 3.8 ±0.2 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 5.8 (4.9 - 7.8) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 23
growth studies.
回复力 (Ref.
120179): 非常低的, 最小族群倍增时间超过14 年 (K=0.2; tm=6; Fec=100,000; tmax=94).
Prior r = 0.11, 95% CL = 0.06 - 0.16, Based on 5 stock assessments.
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Moderate to high vulnerability (49 of 100).
Climate Vulnerability (Ref.
125649): High vulnerability (58 of 100).
Nutrients (Ref.
124155): Calcium = 16.1 [9.1, 38.6] mg/100g; Iron = 0.46 [0.23, 0.90] mg/100g; Protein = 17 [16, 18] %; Omega3 = 0.567 [0.254, 1.631] g/100g; Selenium = 32.5 [14.5, 79.2] μg/100g; VitaminA = 8.27 [1.99, 36.01] μg/100g; Zinc = 0.27 [0.18, 0.42] mg/100g (wet weight);
