分類 / Names
俗名 | 同種異名 | Catalog of Fishes(屬, 種) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa
Teleostei >
Acanthuriformes (Surgeonfishes)
鱸形目 (Surgeonfishes) >
Ephippidae (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
白鯧科 (Spadefishes, batfishes and scats)
Etymology: Proteracanthus: Greek, proteros = former + Greek, akantha = thorn (Ref. 45335).
Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range
生態學
海洋; 半鹹淡水 礁區魚類. 熱帶
Western Central Pacific: Malaya, Sumatra and Borneo.
中西太平洋: 馬來亞,蘇門答臘與婆羅洲。
大小 / 重量 / 年齡
Maturity: Lm ?  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 32.5 cm SL 雄魚/尚未辨別雌雄; (Ref. 7050)
背棘 (總數): 10; 背的軟條 (總數): 14-16; 臀棘 3; 臀鰭軟條: 13 - 15. Greenish brown dorsally, paler on flanks, silvery below, the scales dark edged, forming dark longitudinal lines. Body oblong and compressed, its depth 1.9 to 2.1 times in SL. Head length 3.4 to 3.7 times in SL. Dorsal head profile evenly curved from snout to dorsal-fin origin. Mouth subterminal, the upper jaw not protrusible, projecting somewhat in front of lower jaw. Jaws with bands of slender, flattened, tricuspid teeth, the middle cusp slightly longer than lateral cusps. No teeth on vomer or palatines. Five pores on each side of lower jaw. Preopercle smooth except for a few weak, skin-covered serrae at the angle. Opercle ending in 2 blunt points. Branchiostegal membranes broadly joined to isthmus. First gill opening constricted. Hypobranchial connected to quadrate by skin (Ref 43039).
綠褐色的背面, 在側面上的灰白, 下面銀色的, 鱗片深色的邊緣, 形成深色的縱向線。 身體長方形而扁長形的, 它的深度 1.9 到 2.1 標準體長比率。 頭長 3.4 到 3.7 標準體長比率。 頭部背面輪廓均勻地彎曲的從吻尖到背鰭起點。 嘴接近端位的, 不能伸展的上頜, 突出的略微在下頜之前。 頜部有條紋細長的, 平的, 三尖齒, 中央的尖頭略長於側面的尖頭。 沒有牙齒在犛骨或顎骨。 在下頜的兩邊上的五個孔。 前鰓蓋骨平滑的以角除了一些弱又皮下的鋸齒。 鰓蓋的末端形成 2 鈍的點。 鰓蓋薄膜寬廣地連到了峽部。 第一個鰓裂壓縮。 皮膚 (參考文獻 43039) 的鰓蓋上方被連接到的方骨.
Life cycle and mating behavior
成熟度 | 繁殖 | 產卵場 | 卵 | 孕卵數 | 仔魚
中西太平洋: 馬來亞,蘇門答臘與婆羅洲。
Kottelat, M., A.J. Whitten, S.N. Kartikasari and S. Wirjoatmodjo, 1993. Freshwater fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Periplus Editions, Hong Kong. 221 p. (Ref. 7050)
人類使用
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年龄/大小成長長度-重量長度-長度長度-頻率形態測量圖型態特徵仔魚稚魚動力學入添量豐度BRUVS
參考文獻養殖養殖資訊品種遺傳學Electrophoreses遺傳率疾病加工NutrientsMass conversion
合作者照片Stamps, Coins Misc.聲音神經毒速度泳型鰓區Otoliths腦重體重比眼睛色素
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Estimates based on models
Preferred temperature (Ref.
123201): 28 - 29.3, mean 28.8 °C (based on 1333 cells).
Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref.
82804): PD
50 = 1.0000 [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.01122 (0.00514 - 0.02450), b=3.04 (2.87 - 3.21), in cm total length, based on all LWR estimates for this body shape (Ref.
93245).
營養階層 (Ref.
69278): 3.5 ±0.4 se; based on size and trophs of closest relatives
回復力 (Ref.
120179): 中等的, 族群倍增時間最少 1.4 - 4.4年 (Preliminary K or Fecundity.).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref.
59153): Low to moderate vulnerability (30 of 100).