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Esox masquinongy Mitchill, 1824

Muskellunge
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Classification / Names Common names | Synonyms | Catalog of Fishes(genus, species) | ITIS | CoL | WoRMS | Cloffa

Teleostei (teleosts) > Esociformes (Pikes and mudminnows) > Esocidae (Pikes)
Etymology: Esox: From Greek, isox and also related with the Celtic root, eog, ehawc = salmon (Ref. 45335);  masquinongy: Stemmed from an Ojibwa (Chippewa) Indian name for this fish (Ref. 10294).
More on author: Mitchill.

Environment: milieu / climate zone / depth range / distribution range Ecology

Freshwater; demersal; non-migratory. Temperate; 53°N - 30°N

Distribution Countries | FAO areas | Ecosystems | Occurrences | Point map | Introductions | Faunafri

North America: Native to St. Lawrence River - Great Lakes, Hudson Bay (Red River), and Mississippi River basins. Introduced elsewhere in the USA. Native populations are protected in portions of Tennessee and Ohio.

Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age

Maturity: Lm 77.0  range ? - ? cm
Max length : 183 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 5723); common length : 95.0 cm TL male/unsexed; (Ref. 12193); max. published weight: 31.8 kg (Ref. 3549); max. reported age: 30 years (Ref. 26373)

Biology     Glossary (e.g. epibenthic)

Lives in clear vegetated lakes, quiet pools and backwaters of creeks and small to large rivers (Ref. 205, 10294). Solitary, lurking hunter on other fishes as well as on ducklings, muskrats, and snakes. Oviparous, spawn in spring as the ice melts (Ref. 205).

Life cycle and mating behavior Maturities | Reproduction | Spawnings | Egg(s) | Fecundities | Larvae

Some experts believe that some form of copulation happens during breeding of this species. The female turns on her side to expose her abdomen to the male who then swims against her in a forceful movement. Aftewards, the female takes a rest and deposits her eggs in the sand. This whole activity is presumably repeated one more time (Ref. 205). Other experts believe otherwise, that only a simple and simultaneous discharge of gametes happens during breeding (Ref. 205).

Main reference Upload your references | References | Coordinator | Collaborators

Crossman, E.J., 1996. Taxonomy and distribution. p. 1-11. In J.F. Craig (ed.) Pike biology and exploration. Chapman and Hall, London. 298 p. (Ref. 26373)

IUCN Red List Status (Ref. 130435)

  Least Concern (LC) ; Date assessed: 01 December 2011

CITES

Not Evaluated

CMS (Ref. 116361)

Not Evaluated

Threat to humans

  Harmless





Human uses

Fisheries: commercial; aquaculture: commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums
FAO - Publication: search | FishSource |

More information

Trophic ecology
Food items
Diet compositions
Food consumptions
Food rations
Predators
Ecology
Ecology
Population dynamics
Growths
Max. ages / sizes
Length-weight rel.
Length-length rel.
Length-frequencies
Mass conversions
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Abundances
Life cycle
Reproduction
Maturities
Fecundities
Spawnings
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Egg(s)
Egg developments
Larvae
Larval dynamics
Anatomy
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Brains
Otoliths
Physiology
Body compositions
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Oxygen consumptions
Swimming type
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Visual pigment(s)
Fish sounds
Diseases / Parasites
Toxicities (LC50s)
Genetics
Genetics
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Estimates based on models

Phylogenetic diversity index (Ref. 82804):  PD50 = 0.5157   [Uniqueness, from 0.5 = low to 2.0 = high].
Bayesian length-weight: a=0.00490 (0.00371 - 0.00647), b=3.08 (3.02 - 3.14), in cm total length, based on LWR estimates for this species (Ref. 93245).
Trophic level (Ref. 69278):  4.5   ±0.3 se; based on diet studies.
Generation time: 6.4 (5.5 - 7.1) years. Estimated as median ln(3)/K based on 25 growth studies.
Resilience (Ref. 120179):  Low, minimum population doubling time 4.5 - 14 years (K=0.07-0.15; tmax=30).
Fishing Vulnerability (Ref. 59153):  High to very high vulnerability (67 of 100).
Price category (Ref. 80766):   Unknown.