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| Main Ref: | Thurow, F., 1970 | |||||||||||
| Data Ref.: | ||||||||||||
| Country: | Germany | |||||||||||
| Spawning ground: | ||||||||||||
| Locality: | Baltic, ICES SD 22 + 24, Belt Sea and Kiel Bay | |||||||||||
| Season: (% mature females) |
Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
| 18 | 25 | 100 | 18 | 13 | 2 | |||||||
| Sex ratio: | 49 % Ref.: Thurow, F., 1970 | |||||||||||
| Temperature: | - °C | |||||||||||
| Gestation period: | month/s | |||||||||||
| Length of offspring: | cm | |||||||||||
| Batch spawners | ||||||||||||
| Daily spawning frequency |
- Mean: |
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Min Ref.: Max Ref.: Mean Ref.: |
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| Comments: | Spawning takes place in deeper water of high salinity. Sex ratio changes with size, season and area and ranges from 41% - 61%. Average dry weight of 100 eggs is 5.7 mg (Ref. 5913). The occurrence of eggs peaks in March and April and larvae are most abundant in May (Ref. 5943) in water of 5-15 °C and 15-17 salinity (pers. comm. A. Müller). Spawning cumulates in March at depths below 20 m near the bottom. The nursery areas are in the inner coastal zone. Recruitment to the fished stock starts below 2 years and peaks at about 3 years of age (Ref. 5947). | |||||||||||
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