| Main Ref. | Badcock, J., 1984 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | Variable throughout range |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Badcock, J., 1984 |
| Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
| Parental Care | none |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawns more than once per season with egg batches about 50-500 egg/ovary pair, the number increasing with increased animal size (Ref. 4739). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |