Clarias monsembulai Bernt & Stiassny, 2022
Monsembula catfish

Family:  Clariidae (Airbreathing catfishes)
Max. size:  24.4 cm SL (male/unsexed)
Environment:  benthopelagic; freshwater
Distribution:  Africa: Momboyo, Luilaka, Salonga and Yenge river systems within the Cuvette Centrale of the middle Congo River basin in Democratic Republic of the Congo (Ref. 127574).
Diagnosis:  Dorsal soft rays (total): 78-86; Anal soft rays: 53-64; Vertebrae: 58-61. Diagnosis: Clarias monsembulai can be distinguished from all congeners, with the exception of C. buthupogon, by its exceptionally long maxillary barbels, 60% of standard length or greater, vs. maxillary barbels less than 60% of standard length, usually considerably less (Ref. 127574). It differs from C. buthupogon in the absence of fine, pale spots over the surface of the body and by an exposed bony surface of the cleithrum reaching 14-20% of head length, vs. cleithrum deeply imbedded in soft tissue with only a narrow bony ridge visible externally (Ref. 127574). Clarias monsembulai can be further differentiated from C. angolensis, the species with which it shares closest phenotypic similarity, by longer nasal barbels, 37-51% of standard length vs. 22-34%; longer internal mandibular barbels, 29-37% of standard length vs. 16-27%; longer external mandibular barbels, 45-57% of standard length vs. 24-40%; and by the colouration of maxillary barbels which are white or cream-coloured distally over more than half of their length vs. brown or grey over more than half their length (Ref. 127574).

Description: Head broad, depressed with slightly convex dorsal profile, snout rounded; anterior nares tubular, medial to posterior nares and nasal barbels; mouth subterminal, lips and bases of barbels papillose; four pairs of barbels, all extending beyond dorsal fin origin; barbels rounded at base, becoming flat, ellipsoid in cross section; body cylindrical between head and anal fin origin, becoming laterally compressed posteriorly (Ref. 127574). Dorsal fin with 78-86 rays, originating a short distance, less than 10% of standard length, behind supraoccipital process; anal fin with 53-64 rays, origin nearly equidistant from snout tip and caudal fin base; dorsal and anal fins not confluent with caudal fin; pectoral fin with robust spine and 10-12 rays; spine sharply pointed with slight posterior curve; strong serration present on both anterior and posterior margins; serrae angled proximally, larger on posterior margin, increasing in number with body size; pelvic fins present on all specimens examined, with 6 rays; caudal fin rounded, with 18-22 rays (Ref. 127574). Neurocranium robustly ossified; fourth infraorbital contacting suprapreopercle; frontal fontanel long and narrow, knife shaped; supraoccipital fontanel narrowly oblong, supraoccipital process sharply pointed in both juveniles and adults (Ref. 127574). Premaxillary and vomerine tooth plates similar in width, about 30% of head length; premaxillary teeth villiform; vomerine toothplate with short posterior median process, teeth subgranular; dentary teeth villiform, extending over half of dorsal surface, nearly reaching coronoid process (Ref. 127574). First branchial arch with 14-18 slender gill rakers; second and fourth arches diverticulate, forming arborescent suprabranchial organ; rosette on second arch with few branches, not overlapping larger, more extensively, branched rosette on fourth arch; respiratory organ occupies approximately one fourth of suprabranchial chamber volume; seven or eight branchiostegal rays (Ref. 127574). Urohyal trifurcate, lateral processes longer than posteromedial process; cleithrum superficial, visible externally as striated bony band at isthmus; coracoid with single circular foramen at margin with cleithrum near articulation with pectoral spine (Ref. 127574). Parapophyses of fourth and fifth vertebrae expanded, forming hourglass-shaped Weberian apparatus encapsulating bilobed gas bladder; posterolateral processes of os suspensorium forming ventral floor of Weberian capsule; 58-61 vertebrae posterior to first four vertebrae comprising Weberian apparatus; two free neural spines between skull and first dorsal-fin pterygiophore; first rib articulated with seventh vertebra, 12 ribs present; no fusion of caudal fin hypurals (Ref. 127574).

Colouration: Preserved specimens are dark brown dorsally, fading to light brown, grey, or cream coloured ventrally; some lighter coloured specimens exhibit a faint mottling of irregular dark brown markings over a slightly lighter background; fins uniformly dark brown; barbels brown at base, becoming creamy white over most of their length; underside of head pale, but with band of dark pigment above fleshy furrow between mandibular barbels and isthmus; lateral line visible as a series of small regularly spaced white pores extending from the base of the head to the base of the caudal peduncle; pores of the secondary canals of the lateral line system form a regular pattern over the flanks, but these pores are not readily visible against the darkly pigmented skin (Ref. 127574).

Biology: 
IUCN Red List Status: Not Evaluated (N.E.) Ref. (130435)
Threat to humans:  harmless
Country info:   
 


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