Main Ref. | McEachran, J.D. and G. Notarbartolo di Sciara, 1995 |
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Remarks | Pelagic species forming schools in coastal and oceanic waters, but also found near the bottom. Found singly, in small groups, or in schools (Ref. 12951). Feeds mainly on planktonic crustaceans, but also takes small schooling fishes. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Feeding type | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
Feeding habit | variable |
Feeding habit Ref. | Michael, S.W., 1993 |
Estimation method | Original sample | Unfished population | Remark | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
From diet composition | |||||
From individual food items | 3.82 | 0.60 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. |