主要参考文献 | van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991 |
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附注 | Inhabits coastal waters (Ref. 30573), and sandy areas (Ref. 9137). Abundant in shallow water and often caught at the surf-line or in rock pools (Ref. 9987). Larger, solitary fish sometimes enter brackish mangrove areas (Ref. 9987). Juveniles in estuaries move into deeper water with growth (Ref. 4335). Feeds on benthic invertebrates, mainly mollusks (Ref. 5213); also on crabs and worms (Ref. 9137) and aquatic macrophytes (Ref. 26055). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Soft Bottom: sand;: rocky; |
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Substrate Ref. | Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004 |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
参考文献 | Lieske, E. and R. Myers, 1994 |
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Associations | schooling; |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | van der Elst, R.P. and F. Adkin (eds.), 1991 |
摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Fischer, W., I. Sousa, C. Silva, A. de Freitas, J.M. Poutiers, W. Schneider, T.C. Borges, J.P. Feral and A. Massinga, 1990 |
Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
从食物内容 | 3.37 | 0.58 | |||
从个别的食物项目 | 3.25 | 0.47 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
参考文献 | Blaber, S.J.M., 1984 |