| Main Ref. | Chiou, M.-L., K.-T. Shao and T. Iwamoto, 2004 |
| Appearance refers to | |
| Bones in OsteoBase |
| Specialized organs | |
| Different appearance | |
| Different colors | |
| Remarks |
| Striking features | |
| Body shape lateral | elongated |
| Cross section | |
| Dorsal head profile | |
| Type of eyes | |
| Type of mouth/snout | |
| Position of mouth | |
| Type of scales | |
| Diagnosis |
Mouth inferior with narrow tooth band on lower jaw, a large area of spineless scales behind 1st dorsal fin, and slender dense spinules on scales. Ventral luminous organ rather large, situated between pelvic bases and connected with black periproct by narrow naked groove; lens faintly visible on photophore. First dorsal largely blackish, white distally and basally. Anterior portion of anal fin with narrow black margin. Vent located before a vertical through origin of 1st dorsal fin (Ref. 54421). |
| Ease of Identification |
| Lateral Lines | Interrupted: No |
| Scales on lateral line | |
| Pored lateral line scales | |
| Scales in lateral series | |
| Scale rows above lateral line | |
| Scale rows below lateral line | |
| Scales around caudal peduncle | |
| Barbels | |
| Gill clefts (sharks/rays only) | |
| Gill rakers | |
| on lower limb | |
| on upper limb | |
| total | |
| Vertebrae | |
| preanal | |
| total |
| Attributes | |
| Fins number | |
| Finlets No. | Dorsal |
| Ventral | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total | |
| Adipose fin |
| Attributes |
| Fins number | |
| Spines total | |
| Soft-rays total |
| Pectoral | Attributes |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 19 - 24 | |
| Pelvics | Attributes |
| Position | |
| Spines 0 | |
| Soft-rays 9 - 11 |