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Larvae Information Summary for  Sciaena umbra
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Main Ref: Bertolini, F., U. D'Ancona, E. Padoa Montalenti, S. Ranzi, L. Sanzo, A. Sparta, E. Tortonese and M. Vialli 1956
Yolk-sac larvae
  max min mod Ref.
Length at birth (mm)     2.5  
Preanal L. % TL        
Place of development planktonic
Larval area to be filled
Yolk-sac     pigmented Ref:  
Yolk unsegmented Oil globules one oil globuleposteriorventralpigmented
Rows on tail no rows
Other melanophores on tail tail with single melanophore
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Abundant melanophores on head and trunk. One big stellate melanophore on trunk.
Post larvae
Striking feature other
Striking shape lateral short and/or deep dorsal normal (not striking)
Striking feature other
Shape of gut triangular
Gas bladder   early   late  
Spinal armature   early   late  
Pigmentation early
Rows on tail dorsal + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail tail partly covered with melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Pigmentation late
Rows on tail dorsal + lateral + ventral row
Other melanophores on tail tail partly covered with melanophores
Melanophores on head + trunk melanophores on head + trunk
Urostyle region   early unpigmented late unpigmented
Peritoneum covered with melanophores
Pectorals normal  
Pelvics normal (i.e. small or absent)  
At 4-5 mm operculum with 3 spines; the second is the longest. D 10-12, A 8, C 8-10. At 7-8mm: D 6-7/12-14, A 8-9, C 13-14, P12-14. Body surface covered with many melanophores except for the posterior part of the tail which is almost unpigmented.
  L 1st feeding Ref. Months of presence of larvae
max     Jan Feb Mar Apr
min   May Jun Jul Aug
mod 3   Sep Oct Nov Dec
Water parameters     Metric characters
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