| Main Ref. | Iles, T.D., 1971 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | in mouth |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
| Parental Care | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Annual breeding season is brief. Females brood young or show development of the buccal brood pouch. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |