| Main Ref. | Riehl, R. and H.A. Baensch, 1991 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | external |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. Offem, B.O., Y.A. Samsons and I.T. Omoniyi, 2008 |
| Reproductive guild |
guarders clutch tenders |
| Parental Care | paternal |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | It is assumed that the male tends the clutch. Others report that the male takes the eggs into his mouth. It is also unknown how the fry is immune to the electric shocks by the parents (Ref. 1672). |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |