Main Ref. | Quéro, J.-C., M. Desoutter and F. Lagardère, 1986 |
Mode | dioecism |
Fertilization | external |
Mating type | |
Spawning frequency | one clear seasonal peak per year |
Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
Batch spawner | Yes. Ref. Murua, H. and F. Saborido-Rey, 2003 |
Reproductive guild |
nonguarders open water/substratum egg scatterers |
Parental Care | none |
Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Spawning takes place in shallow coastal waters at temperatures of 6 - 12°C. Reproduction starts after 3-5 years of age, when 25-30cm size is reached. Spawning happens mainly during the months of February-May (for example, off the coasts of Galicia), although in warmer areas (such as the Mediterranean), it can occur at the beginning of the winter. Incubation lasts about 5 days (at 1 2°) and larval phase 35 days (at 18°C). |
Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |