ການອ້າງອີງຫຼັກ | Livingston, P.A. and B.J. Goiney Jr., 1983 |
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ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
ປະເພດການໃຫ້ອາຫານ | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
ນິໄສການກິນອາຫານ | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | ຕົວຢ່າງຕົ້ນສະບັບ | ປະຊາກອນທີ່ບໍ່ແມ່ນປາ | ຂໍ້ສັງເກດ | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
ຈາກອົງປະກອບຂອງອາຫານ | 4.21 | 0.20 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. | ||
ຈາກລາຍການອາຫານແຕ່ລະອັນ | 3.53 | 0.41 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
ເອກະສານອ້າງອີງ | Brodeur, R.D. and P.A. Livingston, 1988 |