อ้างอิงหลัก | Rainboth, W.J., 1996 |
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ข้อสังเกต | Inhabits pools and runs over gravel and cobble in rivers flowing through undisturbed forests (Ref. 12693). Juveniles were most commonly collected in or near rapids (Ref. 27732). Found in small rivers and streams during the dry season. Moves downstream at the onset of the rainy season, but generally avoids turbid waters. Migrates upstream after two months and spawns in July near the mouths of small streams that the young subsequently ascend. Omnivorous, feeding on both animal and vegetable matter, at times consuming toxic fruits in flooded forests, making them temporarily inedible. Omnivorous, feeding on both animal and vegetable matter, at times consuming toxic fruits in flooded forests, making them temporarily inedible. |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | |
Special habitats Ref. |
อ้างอิง | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
วิธีการให้อาหาร | mainly plants/detritus (troph. 2-2.19) |
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Feeding type Ref. | |
นิสัยในการกินอาหาร | plants/detritus+animals (troph. 2.2-2.79) |
Feeding habit Ref. |
Estimation method | ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม | ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง | ข้อสังเกต | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร | |||||
จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด | 2.00 | 0.00 | Trophic level and s.e. inferred from exclusive plant/detritus food items. | ||
อ้างอิง |