| 主要参考文献 | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
|---|---|
| 附注 | Occurs in rubble and gravel riffles, less often in sand-gravel runs of headwaters, creeks and small rivers. Also found in springs and their effluents and rocky shores of lakes. Feeds mainly on aquatic insect larvae, but also on crustaceans, annelids, fishes, fish eggs, and plant material (Ref. 1998). Feeds on fish, plants and benthic invertebrates (Ref. 1998). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Hard Bottom: rocky; rubble; |
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| Substrate Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| 参考文献 | |
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| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| 摄取食物的类型 | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| 摄取食物的习惯 | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Scott, W.B. and E.J. Crossman, 1973 |
| Estimation method | 最初的样本 | 不捕获族群 | 附注 | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| 从食物内容 | |||||
| 从个别的食物项目 | 3.29 | 0.46 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| 参考文献 | |||||