| Κύρια Αναφ. | Griffiths, M.H. and T. Hecht, 1995 |
|---|---|
| Σχόλια | Found in coastal waters, over sand muddy bottom. Juveniles enter estuaries. Adults feed on pelagic fishes at night. Often caught with Umbrina canariensis. Feeds on pelagic fish such as mackerel and horse mackerel (Ref. 36731). |
| Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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| Substrate | Benthic: demersal; Soft Bottom: sand; mud; |
|---|---|
| Substrate Ref. | Druzhinin, A.D. and N.A. Filatova, 1979 |
| Special habitats | |
| Special habitats Ref. |
| Αναφ. | |
|---|---|
| Associations | |
| Associated with | |
| Association remarks | |
| Parasitism |
| Τροφικός Τύπος | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
|---|---|
| Feeding type Ref. | Griffiths, M.H. and T. Hecht, 1995 |
| Τροφική Συνήθεια | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
| Feeding habit Ref. | Griffiths, M.H. and T. Hecht, 1995 |
| Estimation method | Αρχικό δείγμα | Μη αλιευμένος πληθυσμός | Σχόλιο | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
| Από σύσταση δίαιτας | 3.77 | 0.45 | |||
| Από ατομικά τροφικά αντικείμενα | 4.50 | 0.80 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
| Αναφ. | Griffiths, M.H. and T. Hecht, 1995 | ||||