| Main Ref. | Seehausen, O., E. Lippitsch, N. Bouton and H. Zwennes, 1998 |
| Mode | dioecism |
| Fertilization | |
| Mating type | |
| Spawning frequency | No obvious seasonal peak |
| Spawning aggregation | Ref. |
| Batch spawner | Ref. |
| Reproductive guild |
bearers external brooders |
| Parental Care | |
| Description of life cycle and mating behavior | Mouth brooder with usually maternal parental care. Male defends territories. Brooding female guards fry in often not more than 0.5 m deep water, where it establishes small territories. |
| Search for more references on reproduction | Scirus |