Hoofdreferentie | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 |
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Opmerkingen | Nocturnal species which occurs in inshore waters of the continental shelf (Refs. 75154, 127989). Found in sandy and muddy places at inlets (Ref. 9137). Juveniles and/or adults are found in subtidal edge of mud flats and near inshore waters (Ref. 121464). Exhibits the black gut phenomenon. In nocturnal predators, it appears to serve to conceal bioluminiscent prey in the stomach cavity (Ref. 46685). Zooplanktivorous. Takes shelter among rocks and corals during the day (Ref. 127989). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Ondergrond | Benthic; Soft Bottom: mud; |
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Substrate Ref. | Golani, D., E. Azurro, J. Dulčić, E. Massutí and L. Orsi-Relini, 2021 |
Speciale habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Nguyen, N.T. and V.Q. Nguyen, 2006 |
Ref. | |
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Associaties | |
Geassocieerd met | |
Opmerkingen in verband met associaties | |
Parasitisme |
Voedingstype | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 |
Voedingsgewoonte | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen, 1993 |
Estimation method | Origineel staal | Onbeviste populatie | Opmerking | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Op basis van dieetsamenstelling | 3.63 | 0.52 | 3.39 | 0.36 | Troph of juv./adults from 1 study. |
Op basis van individuele voedselitems | 3.50 | 0.50 | Tentative trophic level derived from 1 + troph of a single food item | ||
Ref. | Yamashita, Y., N. Piamthipmanus and K. Mochizuki, 1987 |