Ecology Summary - Epinephelus multinotatus

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นิเวศวิทยาของ Epinephelus multinotatus

อ้างอิงหลัก	Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993
ข้อสังเกต	Inhabit clear to turbid water in shallow as well as deep water (Ref. 4787). Juveniles are found in inshore coral reefs (Ref. 5222). They feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). It has been suggested that juveniles mimic the herbivorous damselfish Neopomacentrus sindensis, presumably to get closer to their unsuspecting prey (Ref. 5222, 9710). Feed on small fishes and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Rankin's rock cod feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390).

อ้างอิงหลัก

Kailola, P.J., M.J. Williams, P.C. Stewart, R.E. Reichelt, A. McNee and C. Grieve, 1993

ข้อสังเกต

Inhabit clear to turbid water in shallow as well as deep water (Ref. 4787). Juveniles are found in inshore coral reefs (Ref. 5222). They feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). It has been suggested that juveniles mimic the herbivorous damselfish Neopomacentrus sindensis, presumably to get closer to their unsuspecting prey (Ref. 5222, 9710). Feed on small fishes and crabs. Probably spawn during restricted periods and form aggregations when doing so (Ref. 27352). Eggs and early larvae are probably pelagic (Ref. 6390). Rankin's rock cod feed in water to more than 100 m depth (Ref. 27275). Probably make frequent use of shelters, suggesting an 'ambush' method of feeding (Ref. 6390).

Aquatic zones / Water bodies

	Marine - Neritic	Marine - Oceanic	Brackishwater	Freshwater
Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies	supra-littoral zone littoral zone sublittoral zone	epipelagic mesopelagic epipelagic abyssopelagic hadopelagic	ปากแม่น้ำ/บึงน้ำกร่อย/ทะเลน้ำกร่อย mangroves marshes/swamps	rivers/streams lakes/ponds ถ้ำ อย่างเดียว,โดยเฉพาะ

Highighted items on the list are where Epinephelus multinotatus may be found.

Habitat

Substrate	Benthic; Hard Bottom: rocky;
Substrate Ref.	Letourneur, Y., P. Chabanet, P. Durville, M. Taquet, E. Teissier, M. Parmentier, J.-C. Quéro and K. Pothin, 2004
Special habitats	Coral Reefs;
Special habitats Ref.

Associations

อ้างอิง
Associations
Associated with
Association remarks
Parasitism

การให้อาหาร

วิธีการให้อาหาร	mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up)
Feeding type Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987
นิสัยในการกินอาหาร	hunting macrofauna (predator)
Feeding habit Ref.	Parrish, J.D., 1987

Trophic Level(s)

Estimation method	ตัวอย่างดั้งเดิม		ประชากรที่ยังไม่มีการทำการประมง		ข้อสังเกต
Estimation method	Troph	s.e.	Troph	s.e.	ข้อสังเกต
จากส่วนประกอบของอาหาร
จากรายการอาหารของสัตว์แต่ละชนิด	3.86	0.67			Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine.
อ้างอิง

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