Main Ref. | Paxton, J.R., D.F. Hoese, G.R. Allen and J.E. Hanley, 1989 |
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Anmärkningar | Inhabit coral reefs of the Indo-West Pacific Region (Ref. 9137, 58534). Most often encountered in clear water of outer reefs to depths of at least 150 m. Often found in exposed rather than protected reef areas (Ref. 5213). Form haremic groups comprising of a dominant male and 2 to 12 females. These groups occupy territories of up to 475 sq m subdivided into secondary territories and defended by a single female (Ref. 6480). Generally common (Ref. 9710). Feed on fishes (80%, mainly Pseudanthias squamipinnis) and crustaceans. Feeding occur mainly during the early morning and midafternoon (Ref. 54301). |
Marine - Neritic | Marine - Oceanic | Brackishwater | Freshwater | |
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Marine zones / Brackish and freshwater bodies |
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Substrate | Benthic; |
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Substrate Ref. | |
Special habitats | Coral Reefs; |
Special habitats Ref. | Broad, G., 2003 |
Ref. | |
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Associations | |
Associated with | |
Association remarks | |
Parasitism |
Typ av föda | mainly animals (troph. 2.8 and up) |
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Feeding type Ref. | Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson, 1989 |
Födosöksstrategi | hunting macrofauna (predator) |
Feeding habit Ref. | Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson, 1989 |
Estimation method | Ursprungligt prov | Ofiskad population | Kommentar | ||
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Troph | s.e. | Troph | s.e. | ||
Från födosammansättning | 4.29 | 0.51 | 4.02 | 0.58 | Troph of adults from 2 studies. |
Från individuella födoämnen | 4.16 | 0.72 | Trophic level estimated from a number of food items using a randomized resampling routine. | ||
Ref. | Shpigel, M. and L. Fishelson, 1989 |